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| Petroleum ether | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Benzine Ligroine Naphtha petroleum |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 8032-32-4. |
| RTECS number | OI6180000 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | Mixture of hydrocarbons |
| Molar mass | 87 to 90 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.625 to 0.660g/cm³, liquid |
| Melting point |
< -73 °C |
| Boiling point |
20 to 75 °C |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Highly flammable irritant |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
2
0
|
| R-phrases | R12, R38, R51/53, R62, R65, R67 |
| S-phrases | S9, S16, S23, S24, S33, S62 |
| Flash point | -18 °C |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | naphtha, kerosene |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
|
Petroleum ether, also known as benzine, VM&P Naphta, Petroleum Naphta, Naptha ASTM, Petroleum Spirits, X4 or Ligroin, is a group of various volatile, highly flammable, liquid hydrocarbon mixtures used chiefly as nonpolar solvents.
Petroleum ether is obtained from petroleum refineries as the portion of the distillate which is intermediate between the lighter naphtha and the heavier kerosene. It has a specific gravity of between 0.6 and 0.8 depending on its composition.
Benzine should not be confused with benzene. Benzine is a mixture of alkanes, e.g., pentane, hexane, and heptane, whereas benzene is a cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H6. Likewise, petroleum ether should not be confused with the class of organic compounds called ethers, which contain the -O- functional group.
During the Second World War some extermination camps experimented by killing people with benzine injections.[1]
Ligroin
Ligroin is a refined saturated hydrocarbon petroleum fraction similar to petroleum ether used mainly as a laboratory solvent. It predominantly consists of C7 through to C11 in the form of about 55% paraffins, 30% monocycloparaffins, 2% dicycloparaffins and 12% alkylbenzenes. It is nonpolar. Generally laboratory grade ligroin boils at 60 to 90 °C, but the following fractions of petroleum ether are commonly available: 30 to 40 °C, 40 to 60 °C, 60 to 80 °C, 80 to 100 °C and sometimes 100 to 120 °C. The 60 to 80 °C fraction is often used as a replacement for hexane. Petroleum ether is mostly used by pharma companies in the manufacturing process.
References
- ^ "The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide", Robert Jay Lifton, http://www.holocaust-history.org/lifton/LiftonT257.shtml, retrieved on 1 November 2007.
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